Chapter 17: The House of Être

Most verbs use "Avoir" for the Past Tense. But a select few (Movement & Change of State) use "Être". Meet Dr. & Mrs. Vandertrampp.

The Exception

There are 17 specific verbs that do NOT use "Avoir". They use "Être" instead.

For these verbs, we say "Je suis allé" (I am gone / I went). They generally describe Motion or Change of State.

The 17 "Être" Verbs

Click the icon to hear pronunciation.

Verb Meaning Past Participle Example
Devenir To become Devenu Irregular Il est devenu roi.
(He became king.)
Revenir To come back Revenu Irregular Je suis revenu.
(I came back.)
Monter To go up Monté Regular Elle est montée.
(She went up.)
Rester To stay Resté Regular Nous sommes restés.
(We stayed.)
Sortir To go out Sorti Regular Tu es sorti ?
(Did you go out?)
Venir To come Venu Irregular Ils sont venus.
(They came.)
Aller To go Allé Regular Je suis allé au parc.
(I went to the park.)
Naître To be born Irregular Il est né en 2000.
(He was born in 2000.)
Descendre To go down Descendu Regular Elle est descendue.
(She went down.)
Entrer To enter Entré Regular Je suis entré.
(I entered.)
Rentrer To return home Rentré Regular Tu es rentré tard.
(You came home late.)
Tomber To fall Tombé Regular Le vase est tombé.
(The vase fell.)
Retourner To return Retourné Regular Il est retourné.
(He returned.)
Arriver To arrive Arrivé Regular Nous sommes arrivés.
(We arrived.)
Mourir To die Mort Irregular Il est mort.
(He died.)
Partir To leave Parti Regular Elle est partie.
(She left.)
Passer To pass by Passé Regular Je suis passé chez toi.
(I stopped by your place.)

The Trick: Dr. & Mrs. Vandertrampp

How do you memorize these 17 verbs? Use this famous acronym!

DR

Devenir
Revenir
 

& MRS

Monter
Rester
Sortir

VANDER
TRAMPP

Venir
Aller
Naître
Descendre
Entrer
Rentrer
Tomber
Retourner
Arriver
Mourir
Partir
Passer
If a verb is NOT in this list (and not a reflexive verb), it uses Avoir.

The Price of Être: Agreement

When you use Être, the Past Participle works like an Adjective.

It must match the Subject!

Masculine

Il est allé.

Ils sont allés (+s)

Feminine

Elle est allée (+e)

Elles sont allées (+es)

Dialogue: Le Voyage

Post-trip report.

M
Maman

Tu es rentré tard hier ?

(Did you come back late yesterday?)

Oui. Le train est arrivé à minuit !

(Yes. The train arrived at midnight!)
L
Léo
M
Maman

Et Sophie ? Elle est venue avec toi ?

(And Sophie? Did she come with you?)

Non, elle est restée à Lyon.

(No, she stayed in Lyon.)
L
Léo

Le Coin Culturel: La Gare

French train stations (Gares) are hubs of life. "Partir" (Leaving) and "Arriver" (Arriving) are dramatic events. Be careful: In French stations, you must "composter" (validate) your ticket in a yellow machine before getting on the train, or you get a fine!

Avoir or Être?

Does this verb live in the House of Être (Movement/Change) or Avoir (Standard)?

Manger


Previous Index Next