Chapter 11: Les Adjectifs (The Descriptive Mirror)

Nouns are boring alone. Let's make them beautiful, big, small, or interesting. Welcome to the world of agreement.

The Mirror Principle

French adjectives are like mirrors: they reflect the noun they describe. If the noun is feminine, the adjective puts on a dress (usually adds an 'e'). If the noun is plural, the adjective invites friends (adds an 's').

Part 1: The Standard Rules (Accord)

Singular
Masculine Il est petit
(He is small)
Feminine (+e) Elle est petite
(She is small)

Hint: In the masculine form, 't' is silent. In feminine, you pronounce the 't'!

Plural (+s)
Masc. Plural (+s) Ils sont petits
(They are small)
Fem. Plural (+es) Elles sont petites
(They are small)

The 's' is usually silent unless the next word starts with a vowel.

Part 2: Placement (The BAGS Rule)

Most adjectives go AFTER the noun (e.g., Une voiture rouge).

BUT... some special ones go BEFORE. We call them the BAGS adjectives.

B
Beauty
  • Beau (Beautiful/Handsome)
  • Joli (Pretty)
A
Age
  • Jeune (Young)
  • Vieux (Old)
  • Nouveau (New)
G
Goodness
  • Bon (Good)
  • Mauvais (Bad)
S
Size
  • Petit (Small)
  • Grand (Tall/Big)
  • Gros (Fat)
Examples:
Un petit chien (A small dog) - Size, so BEFORE.
Une voiture rouge (A red car) - Color is NOT in BAGS, so AFTER.
Un bon ami (A good friend) - Goodness, so BEFORE.

Part 3: The Tricky Ones

Some common adjectives change completely. Watch out for these three musketeers.

Meaning Masc. (Singular) Masc. (Before Vowel) Feminine Plural Example
Beautiful Beau Bel (un bel homme) Belle Beaux / Belles
New Nouveau Nouvel (un nouvel an) Nouvelle Nouveaux / Nouvelles
Old Vieux Vieil (un vieil ami) Vieille Vieux / Vieilles

Dialogue en Contexte

Sophie and Marc talk about a neighbor.

S
Sophie

Tu as vu le nouveau voisin ?

(Did you see the new neighbor?)

Oui ! Il est grand et il a une belle voiture noire.

(Yes! He is tall and he has a beautiful black car.)
M
Marc
S
Sophie

Il a l'air sympathique, mais un peu timide.

(He seems nice, but a little shy.)

Le Coin Culturel: "Le Look"

In France, appearance isn't just vanity; it's a form of respect (politesse). Describing someone as having "un bon look" or being "soigné" (well-groomed) is a high compliment. French adjectives for clothing and appearance are abundant because presentation matters.

Adjective Arranger

Click the correct order for the phrase.

"A red apple"


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